From 1763 until 1971, the British Empire maintained varying degrees of political control over some of the Persian Gulf states, including the United Arab Emirates (originally called the Trucial States)[45] and at various times Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar through the British Residency of the Persian Gulf. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is sometimes controversially referred to as the Arabian Gulf by certain Arab countries or simply The Gulf, although neither of the latter two terms is recognized internationally. Iraq's egress to the Persian gulf is narrow and easily blockaded consisting of the marshy river delta of the Shatt al-Arab, which carries the waters of the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers, where the east bank is held by Iran. The Persian gulf's strategic location has made it an ideal place for human development over time. Since the 1960s, rivalry between Persians and Arabs, along with the growth of Arab nationalism and evolving Western political and economic interests, has prompted an increasing use of the term "Arabian Gulf" when referring to the region's body of water. Large gas finds have also been made, with Qatar and Iran sharing a giant field across the territorial median line (North Field in the Qatari sector; South Pars Field in the Iranian sector). The United States' role in the Persian Gulf grew in the second half of the Twentieth Century. In the second century the Lakhum tribe, who lived in Yemen, migrated north and founded the Lakhmid Kingdom along the southern coast. [39] Under military and political pressure from the governor of the Ottoman Vilayet of Baghdad, Midhat Pasha, the ruling Al Thani tribe submitted peacefully to Ottoman rule. During the years 550 to 330 B.C.E., coinciding with the sovereignty of the first Persian Empire in the Middle East, the name "Pars Sea" was widely written in the compiled texts when referring to the whole part of the Persian Gulf and some parts of the Arabian Peninsula. [79] Mangroves are a diverse group of shrubs and trees belonging to the genus Avicennia or Rhizophora that flourish in the salt water shallows of the Persian gulf, and are the most important habitats for small crustaceans that dwell in them. In the second century the Lakhum tribe, who lived in what is now Yemen, migrated north and founded the Lakhmid Kingdom along the southern coast. It is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War, the largely air- and land-based conflict that followed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. The United Nations Secretariat on many occasions has requested that only "Persian Gulf" be used as the official and standard geographical designation for the body of water. [40] The Ottomans were forced to withdraw from the area with the start of World War I and the need for troops in various other frontiers. [15], The body of water is historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf. Occasional ancient battles took place along the Persian Gulf coastlines, between the Sassanid Persian empire and the Lakhmid Kingdom, the most prominent of which was the invasion led by Shapur II against the Lakhmids, leading to Lakhmids' defeat, and advancement into Arabia, along the southern shore lines. [41] 2315 Red River Street Austin, Texas 78712, Assessing the threat to oil flows through the Strait, We're excited to welcome Jordan Hirsch as a Fellow, Space Security, Safety, and Sustainability, Central America and Mexico Policy Initiative, Mike Lewis Prize for National Security Law Scholarship. The oil-rich countries (excluding Iraq) that have a coastline on the Persian Gulf are referred to as the Persian Gulf States. https://en.wikivoyage.org/w/index.php?title=Persian_Gulf&oldid=3747029, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The waters are overall very shallow, with a maximum depth of 90 meters and an average depth of 50 meters. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. From 1763 until 1971, the British Empire maintained varying degrees of political control over some Persian Gulf states, including the United Arab Emirates and at various times Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar. The Persian Gulf has hosted some of the most magnificent marine fauna and flora, some of which are near extirpation or at serious environmental risk. In 1521, a Portuguese force led by commander Antonio Correia invaded Bahrain to take control of the wealth created by its pearl industry. Uncontrolled hunting has also had a negative impact on the survival of dugongs. We have an article for the Iranian coastal region. Using this gas, Qatar has built up a substantial liquefied natural gas (LNG) and petrochemical industry. The west coast is shared by a number of countries. The Gulf covers area of approximately 87,000 square miles, with a maximum depth of about 330 feet and an average depth of about 115 feet. [9] Data from different 3D computational fluid mechanics models, typically with spatial resolution of 3 kilometres (1.9mi) and depth each element equal to 110 metres (3.332.8ft) are predominantly used in computer models. From among the writings of others in the same period, there is the inscription and engraving of Darius the Great, installed at junction of waters of Red Sea and the Nile river and the Rome river (current Mediterranean) which belongs to the fifth century BC where Darius the Great has named the Persian Gulf Water Channel: "Pars Sea" ("Persian Sea"). The Persian Gulf and its coastal areas are the world's largest single source of crude oil, and related industries dominate the region. Safaniya Oil Field, the world's largest offshore oilfield, is located in the Persian Gulf. In 1602, Shh Abbs expelled the Portuguese from Bahrain. [91][92] The oil-rich countries (excluding Iraq) that have a coastline on the Persian Gulf are referred to as the Persian Gulf States. [77] Their simple grass diet is negatively affected by new developments along the Persian Gulf coastline, particularly the construction of artificial islands by Arab states and pollution from oil spills caused during the "Persian Gulf war" and various other natural and artificial causes. "[citation needed] The Assyrians called it the "Bitter Sea". [56][57] Whales were reduced even further by illegal mass hunts by the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1960s and 1970s. The Persian Gulf, along with the Silk Road, was very important to trade in the Sassanid Empire. [27] The world's oldest known civilization (Sumer) developed along the Persian Gulf and southern Mesopotamia. This inland sea of some 251,000km is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz. The Persian Gulf is home to over 700 species of fish, most of which are native. Mangroves' ability to survive the salt water through intricate molecular mechanisms, their unique reproductive cycle, and their ability to grow in the most oxygen-deprived waters have allowed them extensive growth in hostile areas of the Persian gulf. In 1521, a Portuguese force invaded Bahrain to take control of the wealth created by its pearl industry. [47] The United Kingdom maintains a profile in the region; in 2006 alone, over 1million British nationals visited Dubai. The Persian Gulf was therefore opened to a flourishing commerce with the Portuguese, Dutch, French, Spanish and the British merchants, who were granted particular privileges. [84][85][86] This is primarily connected to the influx of major rivers, especially the Shatt al-Arab (Euphrates and Tigris), which carry large amounts of sediment (most reef-building corals require strong light) and causes relatively large variations in temperature and salinity (corals in general are poorly suited to large variations). 
However, this usage has not found much acceptance outside the Arab world and is not recognized by the United Nations or any other international organization. ), several chapters are related to a description of his travels, accompanied by Darius the Great, to Susa and Persepolis, and the area is described. [58] Along with Bryde's whales,[59][60][61][62] these once common residents can still can be seen in deeper marginal seas such as Gulf of Aden,[63] Israel coasts,[64] and in the Strait of Hormuz. Overall, the waters are very shallow, with a maximum depth of 90 metres (295 feet) and an average depth of 50 metres (164 feet). The wildlife of the Persian Gulf is diverse, and entirely unique because of the Persian Gulf's geographic distribution and its isolation from the international waters only breached by the narrow Strait of Hormuz. A UN plan to protect the mangroves as a biological reserve was ignored by the emirate of Sharjah, which allowed the dredging of a channel that bisects the wetland and construction of an adjacent concrete walkway. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. The classical Greek writers, like Herodotus, called it "the Red Sea." [28], The oldest evidence in the world for seagoing vessels has been found at H3 in Kuwait, dating to the mid-sixth millennium BC, when the Gulf was part of an extensive trade network that involved the Ubaid settlements in Mesopotamia and communities along the entire Gulf coast.[29]. This water channel which separates the Iran Plateau from the Arabia Plate, has enjoyed an Iranian Identity since at least 2200 years ago. There is great variation in color, size, and type of the bird species that call the Persian gulf home. For other uses, see, "Gulf Region" redirects here. [1] King Darius says:[13]. The Persian Gulf is about 56km (35mi) wide at its narrowest, in the Strait of Hormuz. It is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. For most of the history of human settlement in the Persian Gulf the southern side was ruled by nomadic tribes. The Persian Gulf was therefore opened to a flourishing commerce with Portuguese, Dutch, French, Spanish, and British merchants, who were granted particular privileges. Historical, Geographical and Legal Validity of the Name: Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf is connected to the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz. For the region in Australia, see, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. During Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the gulf gave its name to the United States-led ejection of Iraqi forces from Kuwait, called the Persian Gulf War, or the Gulf War even though most of the action took place on land. Writing the water balance budget for the Persian Gulf, the inputs are river discharges from Iran and Iraq (estimated to be 2,000 cubic metres (71,000cuft) per second), as well as precipitation over the sea which is around 180mm (7.1in)/year in Qeshm Island. Using this gas, Qatar has built up a substantial liquified natural gas (LNG) and petrochemical industry. It is an extension of the Indian Ocean. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, Inc. p. 205. oil spills caused during the "Persian Gulf war", History of the United Arab Emirates#The pearling industry and the Portuguese empire: 16th - 18th century, Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi#Perpetual Maritime Truce of 1853, http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?pageid=133, "Catches by Taxon in the waters of Oman (Musandam)", "Portuguese in the Arabia and the Persian Gulf", "A model of the general circulation in the Persian Gulf and in the Strait of Hormuz: Intraseasonal to interannual variability", "The Persian Gulf Trade in Late Antiquity", "Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam", "The Voyage of Nearchus from the Indus to the Euphrates", "United Nations Cartographic Section (Middle East Map)", "Persian (or Arabian) Gulf Is Caught in the Middle of Regional Rivalries", "Iranian Archaeologists Uncover Paleolithic Stone Tools on Qeshm Island Tasnim News Agency", "New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis", "Boat remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth millennia BC", "THE AGE OF COLONIALISM Persian Gulf States Table of Contents", http://english.irib.ir/news/political/item/60225-persian-gulf-national-day-in-foreign-ministry, "Shaikh Abdullah Bin Jassim Al Thani Amiri Diwan", "Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammed al-Qasimi obituary", "ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A300B2-203 EP-IBU Qeshm Island", "Blair was dangerously off target in his condemnation of Iran", "Classified document on Bahrain rankles Britain decades later", "UK to establish 15m permanent Mid East military base", "East of Suez, West from Helmand: British Expeditionary Force and the next SDSR", "The UK in Oman A new support facility for the British Armed Forces", Whales and Dolphins in Arabian Sea: Arabian Sea Survey (20072008), The 24-meters Blue Whale Skeleton at the Educational Science Museum in Kuwait City, State of Kuwait, "PBS The Voyage of the Odyssey Track the Voyage Maldives", https://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/mar/ebsaws-2015-02/other/ebsaws-2015-02-gobi-submission9-en.pdf, Pre-print manuscript published on humpback whales in the Persian Gulf, Whale tracing us in a boat at Kuwait sea area, Abu Dhabi has worlds largest population of humpback dolphins, Abu Dhabi proves a haven for humpback dolphins, Abu Dhabi leads world in humpback dolphin numbers, "Persian Gulf Mermaids Face Environmental Threats", "Development in Persian Gulf Threatens Wildlife", "Turtles Rehabilitated After Persian Gulf Oil Spills", "Iran: Spill, Dolphin Deaths Spark Alarm At Persian Gulf Pollution", 10.1306/5CEAE595-16BB-11D7-8645000102C1865D, "Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq", "Dumping by Construction Crews Killing Bahrain Coral", "Expression of mangrove allene oxide cyclase enhances salt tolerance in Escherichia coli, yeast, and tobacco cells", "Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Exports Fact Sheet (U.S. Department of Energy)", "Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Export Fact Sheet", The Portuguese in the Arabian peninsula and in the Persian Gulf, Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam, South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert, South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field, Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island, Afsharid Conquests in the Persian Gulf & Oman, Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs, 2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel, 2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone, Persian Gulf International Education Center, Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Iran Historical Sovereignty over the Tunbs and BuMusa Islands, Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War, Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persian_Gulf&oldid=1097693044, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles using infobox body of water without alt, Articles using infobox body of water without pushpin map, Articles using infobox body of water without image bathymetry, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016, Articles with weasel words from July 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 July 2022, at 04:03.
Bruce Oxenford Shield, Iphone 12 Pro Max Full Body Skin Protector, Storage Shed Organization System, Prayers Of The Faithful Epiphany 2022, Pinky Winky Hydrangea Bloom Time, La Purisima Bakery Hours, Is Modric The Best Midfielder In The World, Teddy Soares Real Name,
However, this usage has not found much acceptance outside the Arab world and is not recognized by the United Nations or any other international organization. ), several chapters are related to a description of his travels, accompanied by Darius the Great, to Susa and Persepolis, and the area is described. [58] Along with Bryde's whales,[59][60][61][62] these once common residents can still can be seen in deeper marginal seas such as Gulf of Aden,[63] Israel coasts,[64] and in the Strait of Hormuz. Overall, the waters are very shallow, with a maximum depth of 90 metres (295 feet) and an average depth of 50 metres (164 feet). The wildlife of the Persian Gulf is diverse, and entirely unique because of the Persian Gulf's geographic distribution and its isolation from the international waters only breached by the narrow Strait of Hormuz. A UN plan to protect the mangroves as a biological reserve was ignored by the emirate of Sharjah, which allowed the dredging of a channel that bisects the wetland and construction of an adjacent concrete walkway. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. The classical Greek writers, like Herodotus, called it "the Red Sea." [28], The oldest evidence in the world for seagoing vessels has been found at H3 in Kuwait, dating to the mid-sixth millennium BC, when the Gulf was part of an extensive trade network that involved the Ubaid settlements in Mesopotamia and communities along the entire Gulf coast.[29]. This water channel which separates the Iran Plateau from the Arabia Plate, has enjoyed an Iranian Identity since at least 2200 years ago. There is great variation in color, size, and type of the bird species that call the Persian gulf home. For other uses, see, "Gulf Region" redirects here. [1] King Darius says:[13]. The Persian Gulf is about 56km (35mi) wide at its narrowest, in the Strait of Hormuz. It is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. For most of the history of human settlement in the Persian Gulf the southern side was ruled by nomadic tribes. The Persian Gulf was therefore opened to a flourishing commerce with Portuguese, Dutch, French, Spanish, and British merchants, who were granted particular privileges. Historical, Geographical and Legal Validity of the Name: Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf is connected to the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz. For the region in Australia, see, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. During Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the gulf gave its name to the United States-led ejection of Iraqi forces from Kuwait, called the Persian Gulf War, or the Gulf War even though most of the action took place on land. Writing the water balance budget for the Persian Gulf, the inputs are river discharges from Iran and Iraq (estimated to be 2,000 cubic metres (71,000cuft) per second), as well as precipitation over the sea which is around 180mm (7.1in)/year in Qeshm Island. Using this gas, Qatar has built up a substantial liquified natural gas (LNG) and petrochemical industry. It is an extension of the Indian Ocean. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, Inc. p. 205. oil spills caused during the "Persian Gulf war", History of the United Arab Emirates#The pearling industry and the Portuguese empire: 16th - 18th century, Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi#Perpetual Maritime Truce of 1853, http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?pageid=133, "Catches by Taxon in the waters of Oman (Musandam)", "Portuguese in the Arabia and the Persian Gulf", "A model of the general circulation in the Persian Gulf and in the Strait of Hormuz: Intraseasonal to interannual variability", "The Persian Gulf Trade in Late Antiquity", "Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam", "The Voyage of Nearchus from the Indus to the Euphrates", "United Nations Cartographic Section (Middle East Map)", "Persian (or Arabian) Gulf Is Caught in the Middle of Regional Rivalries", "Iranian Archaeologists Uncover Paleolithic Stone Tools on Qeshm Island Tasnim News Agency", "New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis", "Boat remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth millennia BC", "THE AGE OF COLONIALISM Persian Gulf States Table of Contents", http://english.irib.ir/news/political/item/60225-persian-gulf-national-day-in-foreign-ministry, "Shaikh Abdullah Bin Jassim Al Thani Amiri Diwan", "Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammed al-Qasimi obituary", "ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A300B2-203 EP-IBU Qeshm Island", "Blair was dangerously off target in his condemnation of Iran", "Classified document on Bahrain rankles Britain decades later", "UK to establish 15m permanent Mid East military base", "East of Suez, West from Helmand: British Expeditionary Force and the next SDSR", "The UK in Oman A new support facility for the British Armed Forces", Whales and Dolphins in Arabian Sea: Arabian Sea Survey (20072008), The 24-meters Blue Whale Skeleton at the Educational Science Museum in Kuwait City, State of Kuwait, "PBS The Voyage of the Odyssey Track the Voyage Maldives", https://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/mar/ebsaws-2015-02/other/ebsaws-2015-02-gobi-submission9-en.pdf, Pre-print manuscript published on humpback whales in the Persian Gulf, Whale tracing us in a boat at Kuwait sea area, Abu Dhabi has worlds largest population of humpback dolphins, Abu Dhabi proves a haven for humpback dolphins, Abu Dhabi leads world in humpback dolphin numbers, "Persian Gulf Mermaids Face Environmental Threats", "Development in Persian Gulf Threatens Wildlife", "Turtles Rehabilitated After Persian Gulf Oil Spills", "Iran: Spill, Dolphin Deaths Spark Alarm At Persian Gulf Pollution", 10.1306/5CEAE595-16BB-11D7-8645000102C1865D, "Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq", "Dumping by Construction Crews Killing Bahrain Coral", "Expression of mangrove allene oxide cyclase enhances salt tolerance in Escherichia coli, yeast, and tobacco cells", "Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Exports Fact Sheet (U.S. Department of Energy)", "Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Export Fact Sheet", The Portuguese in the Arabian peninsula and in the Persian Gulf, Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam, South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert, South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field, Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island, Afsharid Conquests in the Persian Gulf & Oman, Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs, 2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel, 2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone, Persian Gulf International Education Center, Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Iran Historical Sovereignty over the Tunbs and BuMusa Islands, Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War, Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persian_Gulf&oldid=1097693044, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles using infobox body of water without alt, Articles using infobox body of water without pushpin map, Articles using infobox body of water without image bathymetry, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016, Articles with weasel words from July 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 July 2022, at 04:03.
Bruce Oxenford Shield, Iphone 12 Pro Max Full Body Skin Protector, Storage Shed Organization System, Prayers Of The Faithful Epiphany 2022, Pinky Winky Hydrangea Bloom Time, La Purisima Bakery Hours, Is Modric The Best Midfielder In The World, Teddy Soares Real Name,